{"id":604,"date":"2024-04-05T10:24:19","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahlulkahf.wordpress.com\/?p=604"},"modified":"2024-04-05T10:24:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:24:19","slug":"the-obligation-of-the-ummah-towards-authority-the-caliph","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/?p=604","title":{"rendered":"The Obligation of the \u2018Ummah Towards Authority [the Caliph]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

From the book, Islamic Legal Rulings Related to Governance<\/strong><\/em>, or \u2018A\u1e25k\u0101m as-Sul\u1e6d\u0101n\u012byah<\/strong><\/em>, by \u2018Ab\u016bl-\u1e24asan al-M\u0101ward\u012b, pages 42-43:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

~Begin Quote<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Section: The Obligation of the \u2018Ummah<\/em> Towards Authority [the Caliph]<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When the \u2018Im\u0101m<\/em> fulfills what we mentioned, in terms of the rights of the \u2018Ummah<\/em>, then he has fulfilled the right of Allah \ufdfb with regard to matters for them and upon them. And two rights become obligatory for [the \u2018Ummah<\/em>] towards [the authority]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Obedience [a\u1e6d-\u1e6c\u0101\u2019ah<\/em>]; and<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Aid and Support [an-Nu\u1e63rah<\/em>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– for as long as his condition does not change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for the one whose condition changes<\/strong>, then he is removed from authority [al-\u2018Im\u0101mah<\/em>] by two things:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Valid criticism regarding his integrity [`Ad\u0101lah<\/em>]; and<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) A physical deficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for valid criticism regarding his integrity<\/strong>, i.e., a violation of Islamic law\/morality [Fisq<\/em>], then there are two types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A) Matters in which desires [Shahwah<\/em>] are attached; and<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B) Matters in which doubts [Shubhah<\/em>] are attached.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for the first of the two [i.e., desires], then it is connected with actions of the limbs such as his commission of prohibited matters and his audacity to commit rejected actions- deciding matters according to desires and out of obedience to whims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is a violation of Islamic law\/morality [Fisq<\/em>] preventing the execution of a contract of authority [\u2018Im\u0101mah<\/em>] as well as [preventing] the [authority\u2019s] continuation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, when [a condition of Fisq<\/em>] happens unexpectedly to someone whose authority has been effectuated, he comes out from [the authority]. If he should return to a state of integrity [`Ad\u0101lah<\/em>], he does not return to authority [al-\u2018Im\u0101mah<\/em>] except by means of a new contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some of the theological rhetoricians [Mutakallim\u012bn<\/em>] said: \u201cHe returns to authority [al-\u2018Im\u0101mah<\/em>] by means of his return to a condition of integrity [`Ad\u0101lah<\/em>] without renewal of a contract [`Aqd<\/em>] for him or an oath of allegiance [Bay\u2019ah<\/em>]. This is due to the generality of his authority and the difficulty entailed in the renewal of an oath of allegiance to him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for the second of the two [i.e., doubts], then it is connected with Beliefs interpreted by means of doubt that obstructs thereby interpreting them [i.e., Beliefs] according to what contradicts the Truth [al-\u1e24aqq<\/em>]. Scholars have differed over [this point].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A group among [the scholars] adopted the view that it prevents effectuating authority [al-\u2018Im\u0101mah<\/em>] and from its continuation. He comes out [from authority] by means of its occurrence. This is because it is necessary to treat equally the state of Fisq <\/em>[i.e., violation of Islamic law\/morality] resulting from interpretation and without interpretation when the ruling of Disbelief [\u1e24ukm al-Kufr<\/em>] resulting from interpretation and without interpretation is the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the majority of scholars from Ba\u1e63rah said that indeed, it does not prevent the effectuation of authority [al-\u2018Im\u0101mah<\/em>] and he does not come out from [authority] by means of it; just as it does not prevent someone from being authorized for judgeship [Wil\u0101yat al-Qa\u1e0d\u0101\u2019<\/em>] and being permitted to give testimony [Jaw\u0101z ash-Shah\u0101dah<\/em>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

~End Quote<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The book “Islamic Legal Rulings Related to Governance” by ‘Ab\u016bl-\u1e24asan al-M\u0101ward\u012b discusses the ‘Ummah’s obligations towards the Caliph. It emphasizes obedience and support as long as the Caliph’s conditions don’t change. It specifies valid reasons for removing a leader, such as integrity criticism and physical deficiency, and addresses the impact of desires and doubts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fiqh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanbali.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}